Picture this: You’re nibbling breakfast at Union Station when a train plows through the building

At 8:38 am on January 15th, 1953, a man ran onto the Union Station concourse screaming “run for your lives!” 20 seconds later the building shook as a runaway 1,100 ton passenger train smashed through the north wall and collapsed the through the floor into the basement. Dozens of passengers were injured but, amazingly, there were no fatalities on the train or in the station.

The Federal Express 173, which ran from Boston to Washington, consisted of an electric locomotive and 16 coach and Pullman sleeper cars. The brake failure and subsequent crash were caused by a design flaw with the train’s airbrake system.

The first warning signs that a crash was on the way appeared about 15 minutes outside of Washington. The engineer started decelerating from the cruising speed of 80 mph, but the train the train wouldn’t go below 60 mph. The emergency braking system temporarily slowed the train down, but the declining slope of the tracks approaching Union Station all but canceled it out.

At the time, trains didn’t have two-way radios, so the only warning signal the engineer could give was with the train’s horn.

According to a Washington Post account (which I accessed via the DC Public Library), the conductor began running back through the cars shouting for passengers to “Lie down on the floor or lie down on your seat.” As the out of control train buzzed the K Tower in Union Station’s rail yard at 50 mph, it was obvious that a disaster was moments away.

The towerman frantically telephoned the station master “Runaway on Track 16!” and through their quick action, the platform was cleared. Luckily, unlike today’s Amtrak passengers, most people waited for their trains on now-removed benches in the main hall, so the concourse area was relatively empty.

The Post quotes from one of their own employees, a young layout artist who happened to be in one of the front three cars on his morning commute from Baltimore.

“There was a tremendous rumble and the screeching of steel rubbing against steel,” said 25 year old Edward K. Koch. “The end of the car was tossed upward. Sparks were flying all over the place… Smoke and cement dust billowed up and about the car and we couldn’t see out the windows… For a moment there was a period of awesome silence, punctuated by the sizzle of steam and the sputtering of live wires.”

To understand the damage, you need to envision how Union Station looked before it was remodeled. The stairs that today lead down to the foodcourt didn’t exist yet - they were cut through the floor years later. The shops and floating platforms were later additions.

Juxtaposing the damage with today’s Union Station, imagine the train plowing through the Starbucks, Amtrak-Marc ticket counter and falling through the floor around the central staircases, and coming to rest right up against the doors of the chocolate shop.

400 station laborers got to work immediately repairing the damage - the Eisenhower inauguration was just 5 days away and Union Station was expecting large crowds. The locomotive was lowered down into the basement so it could be dismantled and brought above ground. (Interesting side note: the engine was later rebuilt, saw 30 years of continued service, and is currently at the Baltimore railroad museum).

Steel supports were installed in the hole in the station floor, and according to the Post, it was bridged with “two-inch tongue-and-groove wood flooring supported by heavy timbers” within 72 hours. The temporary floor was solidified by “quick drying asphalt [that] was applied over the wood floor.”

Amazingly, the station was fully reopened within three days of the crash. The temporary floor was replaced by a all-steel and concrete replacement later that summer.

Cross-posted at Architect of the Capital.